How to analyze an apology (from a linguistic perspective)

Here’s the thing about analyzing apologies: apologies are complex, both linguistically and from a human experience perspective. They evoke emotions in all of the people involved in the apology process; they are an essential part of relationship repair, but they can be wielded as a weapon in the private and public arenas.

The framework I developed during my thesis work was influenced by several scholars who came before me. Most notably,

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